The first mention of a chapel on the precincts of Putna Monastery is on a page inserted into the “Protesis or Diptych of the Holy Monastery of Putna” in which Hegumen Calistrat notes that, among other buildings, Metropolitan Jacob of Putna also erected, on the site of the former princely house, “the upper church,” which he placed under the patronage of Holy Apostles Peter and Paul.

In the next century, radical refurbishing of the precincts involved the complete demolition of the building erected by Jacob of Putna and the construction of a chapel at the northern end of the precincts’ western side, where the hegumen’s quarters are also situated.

The present iconostasis of the “Holy Apostles Peter and Paul” Chapel was carved in a specialized workshop from Vânători, in the county of Neamț, in the 1980s. It replaced the 1854–1856 iconostasis, which was moved to the Church of the Holy Apostles in the nearby Gura Putnei village.

The 19th-century iconostasis suffered several interventions over the years and therefore it is difficult to estimate how much of the original ensemble still survives. The most valuable pieces are the ones reused from the old iconostasis commissioned by Jacob of Putna in 1758–1759: the Royal Doors and the side thorakia.

Today, the chapel of Holy Apostles Peter and Paul is the result of the successive building operations conducted in the 20th century and recorded on the dedicatory inscription in fresco: “Restoration conducted between 1976 and 1983, under the surveillance of His Beatitude Justin Moisescu. With the blessing of His Eminence Theoctistus, Metropolitan of Moldavia and Suceava, the chapel was completed with new architectural spaces. Fresco painting was executed by the brothers Michael and Gabriel Moroșan, between 1980 and 1984, during the abbacy of Archimandrite Hyacinth Unciuleac.”

By 2012, numerous structural cracks had become evident in the chapel walls and dome. The building was consolidated as a matter of emergency and covered with a copper roof as part of a project financed by the Ministry of Culture. Putna’s icon painter monks cleaned and restored the interior fresco with the approval of Michael Moroșan.